画法几何与土木工程制图(第2版)/江景涛 毛新奇/全国高等院校土建类专业实用型规划教材 中国电力出版社 下载 pdf 百度网盘 epub 免费 2025 电子书 mobi 在线

本书内容包括：绪论，制图的基本知识，点、直线、平面的投影，直线与平面和平面与平面的相对位置，

投影变换，平面立体与曲面立体，截交线与相贯线，轴测投影，透视投影，标高投影，工程形体的表达方法，

建筑施工图，结构施工图，设备施工图，道路、桥涵、隧道工程图等内容。为方便读者学习，各章均有内容

提要和思考题。书后附有常用的总平面图和建筑构配件图例内容及专业术语。

为满足多媒体教学的需要，本书还配套有多媒体教学课件，可供读者参考。

本书可作为高等学校土建类、道桥类等专业工程制图课程的教材，也可供高等职业学院、函授大学、电

视大学、成人高校等相关专业选用，还可作为工程技术人员的参考用书。

目 录

前言

第1 版前言

绪论 ················································································································· 1

第1 章 制图的基本知识 ······················································································ 4

1.1 制图标准的基本规定 ················································································ 4

1.2 绘图工具和仪器的使用 ··········································································· 16

1.3 几何作图 ····························································································· 20

1.4 绘图技能 ····························································································· 24

思考题 ······································································································· 27

第2 章 点的投影 ····························································································· 28

2.1 投影法概述 ·························································································· 28

2.2 点的两面投影 ······················································································· 31

2.3 点的三面投影 ······················································································· 33

2.4 两点的投影 ·························································································· 35

思考题 ······································································································· 37

第3 章 直线 ··································································································· 38

3.1 直线的投影 ·························································································· 38

3.2 直线对投影面的相对位置 ········································································ 39

3.3 直线上的点 ·························································································· 43

3.4 两直线的相对位置 ················································································· 45

思考题 ······································································································· 50

第4 章 平面 ··································································································· 51

4.1 平面的投影 ·························································································· 51

4.2 平面对投影面的相对位置 ········································································ 52

4.3 平面上的点和直线 ················································································· 55

4.4 平面上的特殊位置直线 ··········································································· 57

思考题 ······································································································· 59

第5 章 直线与平面和平面与平面的相对位置 ························································· 60

5.1 直线与平面、平面与平面平行 ·································································· 60

5.2 直线与平面、平面与平面相交 ·································································· 62

5.3 直线与平面、平面与平面垂直 ·································································· 66

思考题 ······································································································· 69

第6 章 投影变换 ····························································································· 70

6.1 概述 ··································································································· 70

6.2 换面法 ································································································ 71

6.3 旋转法 ································································································ 80

思考题 ······································································································· 85

第7 章 平面立体与曲面立体 ·············································································· 86

7.1 平面立体 ····························································································· 86

7.2 曲面立体 ····························································································· 90

思考题 ······································································································ 107

第8 章 截交线与相贯线 ··················································································· 108

8.1 概述 ·································································································· 108

8.2 截交线 ······························································································· 109

8.3 相贯线 ······························································································· 118

思考题 ······································································································ 130

第9 章 轴测投影 ···························································································· 131

9.1 轴测投影的基本知识 ············································································· 131

9.2 正轴测投影 ························································································· 133

9.3 斜轴测投影 ························································································· 137

9.4 圆和曲面体的轴测投影 ·········································································· 139

9.5 轴测投影的绘制 ··················································································· 143

思考题 ······································································································ 146

第10 章 透视投影 ·························································································· 147

10.1 透视投影的基本知识 ············································································ 147

10.2 点、直线和平面的透视特性 ··································································· 149

10.3 透视图的种类和透视要素的选定 ····························································· 151

10.4 透视图的基本画法 ··············································································· 154

10.5 透视图的简捷画法 ··············································································· 164

思考题 ······································································································ 168

第11 章 标高投影 ··························································································· 169

11.1 点、直线和平面的标高投影 ··································································· 169

11.2 立体的标高投影 ·················································································· 173

思考题 ······································································································ 176

第12 章 工程形体的表达方法 ··········································································· 177

12.1 视图 ································································································· 177

12.2 剖面图 ······························································································ 181

12.3 断面图 ······························································································ 186

12.4 组合体 ······························································································ 188

12.5 尺寸标注 ··························································································· 191

12.6 简化画法 ··························································································· 193

12.7 画图和读图 ························································································ 195

思考题 ······································································································ 206

第13 章 建筑施工图 ······················································································· 207

13.1 概述 ································································································· 207

13.2 设计总说明及总平面图 ········································································· 215

13.3 建筑平面图 ························································································ 219

13.4 建筑立面图 ························································································ 226

13.5 建筑剖面图 ························································································ 230

13.6 建筑详图 ··························································································· 233

思考题 ······································································································ 240

第14 章 结构施工图 ······················································································· 241

14.1 概述 ································································································· 241

14.2 钢筋混凝土结构的基本知识和图示方法 ···················································· 244

14.3 基础图 ······························································································ 248

14.4 结构平面布置图 ·················································································· 249

14.5 钢筋混凝土构件结构详图 ······································································ 253

14.6 平面整体表示法的制图规则 ··································································· 259

14.7 钢结构图 ··························································································· 270

思考题 ······································································································ 277

第15 章 设备施工图 ······················································································· 278

15.1 概述 ································································································· 278

15.2 给排水系统设备施工图 ········································································· 279

15.3 供暖、通风系统设备施工图 ··································································· 291

15.4 电气系统设备施工图 ············································································ 300

思考题 ······································································································ 310

第16 章 道路、桥涵、隧道工程图 ····································································· 311

16.1 概述 ································································································· 311

16.2 道路工程图 ························································································ 311

16.3 桥梁工程图 ························································································ 316

16.4 涵洞工程图 ························································································ 325

16.5 隧道工程图 ························································································ 328

思考题 ······································································································ 334

附录一 总平面图图例 ······················································································ 335

附录二 建筑构配件图例 ··················································································· 336

附录三 专业术语 ···························································································· 340

参考文献 ········································································································ 343

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前言

前 言

本书第1 版自2010 年3 月出版以来，经过几年的教学实践证明，书中内容在深度、广度、

难度上均能满足土木建筑类等各专业的教学要求；配套的多媒体辅助教学课件，生动形象，

受到兄弟院校和广大读者的认可。为了更好地适应行业发展和课程教学要求，特对本书进行

再版修订。本次修订吸取了近年来教学改革的经验，并采纳了各有关院校提出的建设性意见

和建议。主要从以下几方面进行了修改：

（1）更新了旧标准，采用了近年近期新修订的土建类制图国家标准及相关的技术标准、设

计规范、标准设计图集等。

（2）把原来的第7 章和第8 章合并为一章，原来第7 章第二节内容放在第13 章组合体一

节中，使体系更加合理。

（3）施工图所有图例选用了一套建筑布局及结构形式复杂程度适中，内容完整，用近期新

标准绘制的现代化住宅建筑，容易被初学者读懂。

（4）轴测投影中，增加了房屋建筑轴测图的有关规定；结构施工图中，增加了钢结构部

分；设备施工图中，增加了电气系统设备施工图。完善了各部分内容，方便教师根据需要和

实际情况组织教学。

（5）对教材中的文字和插图存在的一些错误进行了修改和完善，定义更准确，文句更通

顺易懂，插图表达更清晰。

本教材的配套习题集在第1 版的基础上，增加了部分基础习题，修改了部分习题；习题

答案中增加了对应的立体图，以帮助学生分析投影图，丰富空间想象力。

本教材由青岛农业大学、内蒙古科技大学、陕西理工学院、南京工程学院、华南理工大

学、山东理工大学等院校共同修订和编写，由江景涛、毛新奇主编。参加编写工作的人员有

江景涛（第1、2、7、10 章），毛新奇（第9、13、14、15 章）、张海燕（绪论、第4、8 章），

薛德侠（第3、6 章），张伟（第5、16 章），张英（第1、12 章），潘鲁萍（第11、12 章），

郝萃萃、董祥负责图片整理。

参加编写课件工作的人员有江景涛（第1、2、6、7、10 章），毛新奇（第3、5、9、13、14、

15 章）、张海燕（第4、8 章），潘鲁萍（第11、12 章），张英（第1、12 章），张伟（第16 章）。

本书由同济大学谢步瀛教授担任主审，谢教授认真细致地审阅了全书，并提出许多宝贵

意见，在此表示衷心感谢。

在编写过程中，参考了一些同类教材，特向有关作者表示感谢。

由于编者水平有限，本书可能存在一些缺点和错误，恳请广大读者和同行批评指正。

与本书配套的第2 版《画法几何与土木工程制图习题集》，与本书同时出版，答案可向出

版社获取。

编 者